In a laboratory experiment, you wish to determine the initial speed of a dart just after it leaves a dart gun. The dart, of mass
m, is fired with the gun very close to a wooden block of mass
Mo which hangs from a cord of length

and negligible mass, as shown above. Assume the size of the block is negligible compared to

, and the dart is moving horizontally when it hits the left side of the block at its center and becomes embedded in it. The block swings up to a maximum angle
from the vertical. Express your answers to the following in terms of
m,
Mo,

,

and
g.
At your lab table you have only the following additional equipment.
The dart is now shot into a block of wood that is fixed in place. The block exerts a force F on the dart that is proportional to the dart’s velocity v and in the opposite direction, that is F = -bv, where b is a constant.